Gabon – Rapids on Ogoué river (1989)

Rapids on Ogoué river, amidst the great rainforest in Gabon. In such a biotope, various blood-sucking arthropods multiply, namely blackflies (vectors for O. volvulus) in water, “no-see-ums” flies (vectors for mansonelloses due to M. perstans, M. streptocerca, or M. rodhaini) in the lower level of the forest, and Chrysops tabanids (vectors for loiasis) in the canopy of large trees. As a consequence, mixed filarial infections are not uncommon.